Jew
Hebrew �Yehudhi�, or �Yehudi� any person whose religion is Judaism (q.v.). In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Old Testament. In ancient times, a Yehudhi was originally a member of Judah - i.e., either of the tribe
Amaryllidaceae
Family of perennial herbs in the flowering plant order Liliales, containing about 65 genera and at least 835 species, distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Members of the family have bulbs or underground stems; several strap- or lance-shaped leaves grouped at the base of the stem or arranged alternately along the stem; flowers usually with
Amorphous Solid, Models of atomic scale structures
Amorphous solids, like crystalline solids, exhibit a wide variety of atomic-scale structures. Most of these can be recognized as falling within one or another of three broad classes of structure associated with the following models: (1) the continuous random-network model, applicable to covalently bonded glasses, such as amorphous silicon and the oxide glasses, (2) the
Biblical Literature, The divided monarchy: from Jeroboam I to the Assyrian conquest
Jeroboam I, the first king of the new state of Israel, made his capital first at Shechem, then at Tirzah. Recognizing the need for religious independence from Jerusalem, he set up official sanctuaries at Dan and Bethel, at the two ends of his realm, installing in them golden calves (or bulls), for which he is castigated in the anti-northern account in the First Book of the Kings.
Yggdrasill
Old Norse �Mimameidr� in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the underworld; another into J�tunheim, land of the giants; and the third into Asgard, home of the gods. At its base were three wells: Urdarbrunnr (Well of Fate), from which the tree was watered by the Norns (the Fates); Hvergelmir (Roaring Kettle), in which dwelt Nidhogg
All-america Team
The first All-America team comprised football players, picked by Caspar
C.b.
Companion of the Bath, member of a British order of knighthood, although this rank does not confer knighthood. See Bath, The Most Honourable Order of the.
Intellectual-property Law
The legal regulations governing an individual's or an organization's right to control the use or dissemination of ideas or information. Various systems of legal rules exist that empower persons and organizations to exercise such control. Copyright law confers upon the creators of �original forms of expression� (e.g., books, movies, musical compositions, and works
Bopolu
Also called �Bopora, or Boporo, � town, western Liberia. Once the centre of the Malinke-dominated Kondo Confederation - including the Gola, Vai, De (Dei), and Loma peoples - the area surrounding Bopolu probably reached its height under King Bosan (Boatswain; 1775 - 1836). Slaves, ivory, gold, and camwood from the north were sent by Bopolu traders to the coastal Vai and De peoples in exchange for salt, tobacco, guns, and European
Wake
Watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person before burial and sometimes accompanied by festivity; also, in England, a vigil kept in commemoration of the dedication of the parish church. The latter type of wake consisted of an all-night service of prayer and meditation in the church. These services, officially termed Vigiliae by the church, appear to have existed
San Francisco
City and port, coextensive with San Francisco county, northern California, U.S., located on a peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. It is a cultural and financial centre of the western United States and one of the country's most cosmopolitan cities. Area 46 square miles (120 square km). Pop. (1990) city, 723,959; San Francisco PMSA, 1,603,678; San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose CMSA, 6,277,523; (1999 est.) city,
Switzerland, The Swabian War
After Bern had repelled Burgundy in the west, the time had come for Z�rich to defend the east against renewed Austrian threats. The fledgling ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, Maximilian I (ruled 1493 - 1519), attempted to reestablish control throughout his domain, which included Switzerland. He united Tirol and Vorarlberg, thus threatening the confederation from the east. Responding
Beachy Head
Prominent headland on the English Channel coast in the administrative county of East Sussex, historic county of Sussex, England, in the borough of Eastbourne. Its chalk cliffs, more than 500 ft (150 m) high, represent the seaward extension of the South Downs. The cliffs face southward and are therefore subjected to severe gales from the southwest. Erosion is concentrated along
Polish Literature, Literature after 1945
The impact of World War II, the experience of occupation, and the establishment of the People's Republic in 1945 decisively affected the character of literature in Poland and also produced a number of �migr� writers who had become famous between World Wars I and II. Among the latter were lyrical poets of the Skamander group, former associates of the Awangarda movement,
Architecture, History Of Western, From the 17th to the 19th century
A Gothic Revival was in a sense initiated early in England during the late 16th century under the influence of Elizabethan and Jacobean notions of chivalry and again between 1620 and 1630 under the impetus of William Laud's Anglicanism; but it is in the Gothic experimentalism of the late 17th century, particularly that of Wren's circle, in which seeds of a Gothic Revival can be discerned.
Henry I
Byname �Henry Beauclerc (Good Scholar), �French �Henri Beauclerc� youngest and ablest of William I the Conqueror's sons, who as king of England (1100 - 35) strengthened the crown's executive powers and, like his father, also ruled Normandy (from 1106).
Greece, History Of
Geographically, Greece forms the southernmost extension of the Balkan Peninsula. It is a region dominated by mountain systems, and, although not particularly high, these cover some 80 percent
Technicolor
(trademark), motion-picture process using dye-transfer techniques to produce a colour print. The Technicolor process, perfected in 1932, originally used a beam-splitting optical cube, in combination with the camera lens, to expose three black-and-white films. The light beam was split into three parts as it entered the camera, one beam favouring the red portion of the spectrum,
Gabon, History Of
Little is known about the history of the Gabon region prior to the arrival of the first Portuguese navigators in the Gabon Estuary in 1472, for the Bantu-speaking peoples inhabiting the region lacked writing. At that time portions of southern Gabon were loosely linked to the state of Loango, which in turn formed a province of the vast Kongo kingdom. From the offshore islands
Anatomy
A field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Gross anatomy involves the study of major body structures by dissection and observation and in its narrowest sense is concerned only with the human body. �Gross anatomy� customarily refers to the study of those body structures large enough
Anatomy
A field in the biological sciences concerned with the identification and description of the body structures of living things. Gross anatomy involves the study of major body structures by dissection and observation and in its narrowest sense is concerned only with the human body. �Gross anatomy� customarily refers to the study of those body structures large enough
Applied Logic
The applications of logic cover a vast range, relating
Dur-kurigalzu
Modern �'Aqarquf� fortified city and royal residence of the later Kassite kings, located near Babylon in southern Mesopotamia (now in Iraq). This city was founded either by Kurigalzu I (c. 1400 - c. 1375 BC) or by Kurigalzu II (c. 1332 - 08). Between AD 1943 and 1945, Iraqi excavations unearthed a monumental ziggurat, three temples, and a palace with painted wall decorations and an ambulatory with square pillars. The temples, dedicated
Amadeus, Lake
Salty mud basin in southwestern Northern Territory, Australia. The lake occupies a shallow trough filled with sediments washed from the MacDonnell (north) and Musgrave (south) ranges. It intermittently contains a few inches of water and at such times may measure as much as 90 miles (145 km) long and 12 miles (20 km) wide, covering some 340 square miles (880 square km). When dry, it is a playa, or salt
Brumaire, Coup Of 18 - 19
In the final days of the Directory, Abb� Siey�s and Talleyrand planned the coup with the aid of General Napoleon Bonaparte,
Japanese Alps
The ranges are a popular skiing and mountain-climbing area. The Hida Range is included within Chubu-Sangaku National Park, which stretches over Gifu, Toyama, Nagano, and Niigata prefectures and
Chile, Transportation
The country's length and physical barriers constrain communication and traffic flow. Only the sea offers an expeditious means of transportation, which was taken advantage of during the 19th century when Chile owned one of the largest merchant fleets in Latin America. Chile's overall economic decline during the early 20th century and the supplanting of maritime transport
Tyrosine
An amino acid comprising about 1 to 6 percent by weight of the mixture obtained by hydrolysis of most proteins. First isolated from casein (1849), tyrosine is particularly abundant in insulin (a hormone) and papain (an enzyme found in fruit of the papaya), which contain 13 percent by weight. Tyrosine is one of several so-called essential amino acids for certain animals; i.e., they cannot
Morality Play
Together with the mystery play and the miracle play, the morality play is one of the three main types of vernacular drama produced during
Arabia, History Of, Religious reform
The Wahhabi movement, which introduced a new factor into the pattern of Arabian politics, was founded by Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab, a reformer influenced by the writings of the 13th - 14th-century pietist theologian Ibn Taymiyah, of the strict Hanbali school of Islamic law. It was 'Abd al-Wahhab's intention to purify Islam of polytheism and to return it to an idealized primitive state.
